Which of the following is NOT one of Deming's 14 Points for Management?

The correct answer addresses a key aspect of Deming's philosophy regarding effective management and quality improvement processes. Deming’s 14 Points emphasize the importance of continuous improvement and creating a supportive organizational culture that fosters teamwork and innovation.

"Increase reliance on annual reviews" is not included in Deming's 14 Points because Deming advocated for ongoing and constant feedback mechanisms rather than relying on infrequent evaluations. He believed that annual reviews could lead to shallow assessments of performance and foster a culture of fear and competition instead of collaboration. Deming emphasized the need for managers to engage with employees continually and implement processes that allow for regular assessment and improvement, promoting a proactive approach to quality management.

In contrast, the other options reflect Deming's principles. Instituting leadership and driving out fear are critical aspects of his approach to improving organizational performance. Leadership in this context involves guiding employees towards quality improvement, while creating an environment devoid of fear fosters openness, accountability, and collaboration. Likewise, instituting training on the job aligns with the notion that employees must continually develop their skills and knowledge to support quality enhancement. Overall, these principles contribute to a holistic understanding of effective management and quality improvement, which is central to Deming's teachings.