What is the first step in Stanley Campbell's five basic steps of research design?

Establishing definitions and procedures is essential as it lays the groundwork for the entire research design process. This step ensures that the researchers have a clear understanding of the concepts being studied, how they will be measured, and the methodology that will be employed throughout the research. By defining terms and outlining the procedures, researchers can create a structured approach that improves the reliability and validity of their findings.

Having well-defined procedures also assists in communicating the research design to others, including stakeholders and peers, and facilitates replicability in future studies. This clear foundation is crucial for generating meaningful and interpretable results, as it guides subsequent steps, such as obtaining baseline measurements and analyzing data. Without this initial clarification, the risk of ambiguity and misinterpretation in the research process significantly increases, potentially undermining the integrity of the study.